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<\/br><\/p>\n
<\/br><\/p>\n
\u3000After these two presentations, Prof. Kihara-Hunt Ai introduced two discussants for the session.<\/p>\n
\u3000The first discussant was Professor Yoshitaka Hanada, Former Ambassador to Timor-Leste and Professor of Global Security Center of the National Defense Academy. He mentioned 3 points were crucial. First, rivalry relations. Politics of Timor-Leste was led by two leaders, Xanana Gusm\u00e3o and Mari Alkatiri. The relationship between two has not been always calm. If tension amounted, Timor-Leste destabilized, if it calmed the country stabilized. Since 2012, after withdrawal of PKO, the relation between two turned improved. <\/p>\n
\u3000Second, generation change. Gusm\u00e3o tried to hand over the leadership to younger generation, which he thought tremendously important for future stability of the country. Araujo, 51, the member of FRETILIN, opposition party, succeeded Gusm\u00e3o with the consent of Alkatiri. 2017 was the turning point for the relationship of two. The election took place and FRETILIN won but with no majority. After having failed to form coalition, FRETILIN started minority government led by Alkatiri, the premier minister. This clear reverse of generation change deteriorated the relationship of two leaders. Now, after the election in 2018, Gusm\u00e3o again took leadership of the country. It is quite important if the relationship of two improved and the generation change further be promoted.<\/p>\n
\u3000Third, change of the society. With high birth rate, constituency of Timor-Leste is drastically changing. Younger generation, who do not know the difficult period of the struggle against Indonesia, now occupy more than 60 percent of the population, and are not satisfied with economic policy driven by Alkatiri, Gusm\u00e3o, and even by Araujo. The leaders put emphasis on \u201cbig projects\u201d but the young claim improvement of life standard. How to cope with the demand by younger generation must be crucial for further stability of the country.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.acuns.tokyo\/acuns.tokyo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/180526_08.jpg\")
<\/center><\/p>\n
\u3000The second discussant was Mr. Ken Inoue, Former Director for Democratic Governance, United Nations Mission for Timor-Leste (UNMIT) and JICA Senior Advisor on Democratic Governance. He focused on the current situation and stated that democratic governance in Timor Leste seems to be working well with its rank 43 in the democracy index in 2017. Then, with his long-time experience working with Cambodia, he shared how the executive body (government), the legislative body (parliament), judiciary (courts), non-state actors and the economy should be functioning to prevent Timor-Leste from falling into the trap of an authoritarian regime.<\/p>\n
<\/br><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.acuns.tokyo\/acuns.tokyo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/180526_09.jpg\")
<\/center><\/p>\n
\u3000Professor Inomata noted that Timor-Leste is an island country which gained political independence and petroleum resources from Australia, but the country depends too heavily on natural resources for income. Press freedom is respected but they need strong leadership required for real development.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.acuns.tokyo\/acuns.tokyo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/180526_10.jpg\")
<\/center><\/p>\n
\u3000Former Deputy Executive Director of UNFPA and Visiting Professor of Kwansei Gakuin University Kunio Waki pointed out the language is an important factor for nation building. It was reported that Portuguese and the local traditional language were official languages while Bahasa Indonesia and English are widely spoken as working languages.<\/p>\n
\u3000For the integration of the various sectors of the society the issue of languages to facilitate communications among citizens needs to be given sufficient attention. Waki wondered if the government had a clear vision and policy on this issue.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.acuns.tokyo\/acuns.tokyo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/180526_11.jpg\")
<\/center><\/p>\n
\u3000Profesor Masaru Ishizumi, Director of the International Business and Management of Kanagawa University commented on the implications of access to internet and other communication facilities for political and social developments. Young people, he argued, are key agents of social change toward democratization.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.acuns.tokyo\/acuns.tokyo\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/180526_12.jpg\")
<\/center><\/p>\n
\u3000In concluding the session, Professor Sukehiro Hasegawa, President of the Global Peacebuilding Association of Japan (GPAJ) stated the result of national parliamentary elections proved the maturity of democratic governance in Timor-Leste. It was significant that Chairman Xanana Gusm\u00e3o of the Alian\u00e7a de Mudan\u00e7a para o Progresso (AMP), a coalition of three opposition parties which won an absolute majority of 34 of the 65 seats in the National Parliament reiterated in his letter to the GPAJ members the commitment of Timorese political leaders to democratic governance. FRETILIN has accepted the ruling by the court about the result of vote counting. Secretary-General of FRETILIN party, Mari Alkatiri, has decided to form a strong opposition in parliament, while prohibiting its members to join in the new Government. Professor Hasegawa then addressed the key issue discussants and commentators raised about the ability of Timorese leaders to bring about the vitality of economy which depended on exclusively on petroleum resources. There was the need to create non-oil sector economic activity and raise the standard of living in rural areas. This depended on the will and capability of Timorese leaders and people \u2013 a challenge that will not go away with freedom of expression and mere democratic governance.<\/p>\n
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